The Jugurthine War (112-106 BCE) was a conflict between the Roman Republic and its former ally, the North African kingdom of Numidia. The war was sparked when a co-ruler of Numidia, Jugurtha, began killing his cousins and seizing power.
How did the Jugurthine war end?
Jugurtha was thrown into an underground prison (the Tullianum) in Rome, and ultimately died after gracing Marius’s triumph in 104 BC.
Who defeated Jugurtha?
The new commander started to train the Roman army again, which had become demoralized after the two defeats. After these measures, Metellus attacked. He captured a town called Vaga, defeated Jugurtha in an open battle near the river Muthul, and forced the Numidian king to go to the west.
What happened to Jugurtha?
After a number of battles in Numidia between Roman and Numidian forces, Jugurtha was captured in 105 BC and paraded through Rome as part of Gaius Marius’ Roman triumph. He was thrown into the Tullianum prison, where he was executed by strangulation in 104 BC.
Who conquered Dacia?
Dacian Kingdom was conquered by the Roman Empire after the two expeditions of Trajan (Ad 101/102; 105/106). In Trajan’s time was organized as single province with an important military presence (three legions).
What did the populares want?
They tried to implement a vast social program comprising a grain dole, new colonies, and a redistribution of the Ager publicus in order to alleviate their situation. They also drafted laws to grant Roman citizenship to Italian allies, and reform the judicial system to tackle corruption.
Who did Marius defeat?
For this war, Marius used fresh troops raised by Rutilius Rufus, consul in 105, and excellently trained in commando tactics by gladiatorial instructors. With them, Marius defeated the Teutones at Aquae Sextiae (modern Aix-en-Provence, Fr.)
Was the King of Pontus against whom the Romans fought a series of wars for mastery of Anatolia?
They are named after Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus who initiated the hostilities after annexing the Roman province of Asia into its Pontic Empire (that came to include most of Asia Minor) and committing massacres against the local Roman population known as the Asian Vespers.
Was Hannibal a numidian?
Numidian cavalry was a type of light cavalry developed by the Numidians. After they were used by Hannibal during the Second Punic War, they were described by the Roman historian Livy as “by far the best horsemen in Africa.”
Was jugurtha a African?
Jugurtha, (born c. 160 bc—died 104, Rome), king of Numidia from 118 to 105, who struggled to free his North African kingdom from Roman rule. Jugurtha was the illegitimate grandson of Masinissa (d. 148), under whom Numidia had become a Roman ally, and the nephew of Masinissa’s successor, Micipsa.
What was jugurtha known for?
Jugurtha (r. 118-105 BCE) was King of Numidia in North Africa and grandson of the first Numidian king Masinissa (r. c. 202-148 BCE). He was the illegitimate son of Mastanabal, Masinissa’s youngest son, and was the least likely of Masinissa’s grandsons to ever come to power.
Why did Trajan fight Dacia?
The Dacian Wars (101–102, 105–106) were two military campaigns fought between the Roman Empire and Dacia during Emperor Trajan’s rule. The conflicts were triggered by the constant Dacian threat on the Danubian province of Moesia and also by the increasing need for resources of the economy of the Empire.
Why did the Romans leave Dacia?
The entire provinces were beyond the Danube river and had little protection to the north. It was this big bulge in Roman territory and it could be attacked from any direction. The population in Dacia had never been properly assimilated and were often treasonous and resentful of their Roman masters.
Who did Trajan conquer?
As emperor, Trajan expanded the Roman Empire to become larger than ever before. He conquered Dacia (now part of Romania), which provided land for Roman settlers and rich pickings from gold and salt mines. He then attacked the Parthians, Rome’s old enemy in the East, who lived in what is now part of Iran.
What did the optimates believe?
Optimates | |
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Ideology | Aristocracy Oligarchy Elitism Conservatism Mos maiorum Supremacy of the Senate Republicanism |
Politics of Ancient Rome |
What was Sulla the first Roman to do?
Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (/ˈsʌlə/; 138–78 BC), commonly known as Sulla, was a Roman general and statesman. He won the first large-scale civil war in Roman history, and became the first man of the republic to seize power through force.
Was Caesar a popular?
Moreover, Caesar was a military genius. His many successful military campaigns gained him broad support and popularity among the common people. Caesar also won the undying loyalty of his soldiers, who supplied him with the necessary muscle to seize power. Julius Caesar began his rise to power in 60 B.C.E.
Was Gaius Marius a good leader?
Marius had ambitions to become a great man of Rome. He joined the army and became known as a good leader. Men from important Roman families took notice of him.
Why did Pompey and Caesar fight?
After the victory, seeking to spare Italy from invasion, prevent Caesar from defeating Scipio Nasica’s forces arriving from Syria, and under pressure from his overconfident allies who accused him of prolonging the war to extend his command, Pompey sought to engage Caesar in a decisive battle.
What group made Rome fall?
1. Invasions by Barbarian tribes. The most straightforward theory for Western Rome’s collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s “barbarian” groups like the Goths had encroached beyond the Empire’s borders.
Did Caesar fight Mithridates?
Battle of Zela | |
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Date 67 BC Location near Zela, modern day Zile Result Pontic victory | |
Belligerents | |
Kingdom of Pontus Kingdom of Armenia | Roman Republic |
Which Roman emperor drank poison?
Mithridates VI | |
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Predecessor | Mithridates V Euergetes |
Successor | Pharnaces II of Pontus |
Born | 135 BC Sinope, Kingdom of Pontus |
Which Roman leader defeated King Mithridates of Pontus in the 80s BC?
After crossing the Hellespont, Flaccus was killed in a mutiny led by Flavius Fimbria, who went on to defeat Mithridates and recapture Pergamum.
What is Carthage called today?
Carthage, Phoenician Kart-hadasht, Latin Carthago, great city of antiquity on the north coast of Africa, now a residential suburb of the city of Tunis, Tunisia.
How did Hannibal lose his eye?
He lost an Eye Early in his Campaign Against Rome
After winning the battle of the Trebia River, Hannibal had two options. … The water was so evenly distributed that there wasn’t a place to sleep, so when Hannibal got a nasty infection in his right eye, he simply bore it until dry land was found.
How big was Hannibal’s army?
Hannibal may have started from Cartagena with an army of around 90,000—including an estimated 12,000 cavalry—but he left at least 20,000 soldiers in Spain to protect his supply lines. In the Pyrenees his army, which included at least 37 elephants, met with stiff resistance from the Pyrenean tribes.
Who were the cimbri and teutones?
The Cimbri and Teutones were Germanic or Celtic tribes, probably from Jutland, whose movement into Roman-allied territory in the second century BCE led to the Cimbri Wars (113-101 BCE). They fought and consistently defeated Roman forces, with their largest victory being in the 105 BCE Battle of Arausio.
When did Romans invade Dacia?
Provincia Dacia Ἐπαρχία Δακίας | |
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Province of the Roman Empire | |
106–271/275 | |
Roman province of Dacia (125 AD) | |
Capital | Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa |
What was the use of the Column of Trajan?
The Column of Trajan may be contextualized in a long line of Roman victory monuments, some of which honored specific military victories and thus may be termed “triumphal monuments” and others that generally honor a public career and are thus “honorific monuments.” Among the earliest examples of such permanent monuments …
What is Trajan’s column made of?
The column itself is made from fine-grained Luna marble and stands to a height of 38.4 meters (c. 98 feet) atop a tall pedestal. The shaft of the column is composed of 19 drums of marble measuring c. 3.7 meters (11 feet) in diameter, weighing a total of c.
How did Trajan conquer Dacia?
From their powerful realm north of the Danube River, the Dacians regularly raided the Roman Empire. In A.D. 101 Trajan fortified the border and invaded with tens of thousands of troops. Two years of war led to a negotiated peace, which the Dacians promptly broke. Trajan returned in 105 and crushed them.
Was Constantine a Dacian?
Born in Naissus, Dacia Mediterranea (now Niš, Serbia), he was the son of Flavius Constantius (a Roman army officer born in Dacia Ripensis who had been one of the four emperors of the Tetrarchy). … Constantine served with distinction under the Roman emperors Diocletian and Galerius.
What was Romania called before Dacia?
The Roman province Dacia Traiana, established by the victors of the Dacian Wars during AD 101–106, initially comprised only the regions known today as Banat, Oltenia, Transylvania, and was subsequently gradually extended to southern parts of Moldavia, while Dobruja and Budjak belonged to the Roman province of Moesia.