Antiochus IV Epiphanes, (Greek: “God Manifest”) also called Antiochus Epimanes (the Mad), (born c. 215 bce—died 164, Tabae, Iran), Seleucid king of the Hellenistic Syrian kingdom who reigned from 175 to 164 bce. As a ruler he was best known for his encouragement of Greek culture and institutions.
Why did Antiochus destroy the temple?
Antiochus IV’s religious zeal for Zeus, of whom he believed himself to be a ‘manifestation,’ resulted in the desecration of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem and in what was a reign of terror for Jews who refused to comply with his policy of Hellenization.
Who succeeded Antiochus IV Epiphanes?
Antiochus V Eupator | |
---|---|
Reign | November/December 164 – 161 BC |
Predecessor | Antiochus IV Epiphanes |
Successor | Demetrius I Soter |
Regent | General Lysias |
What is the meaning of Epiphanes?
Epiphanes (Greek: Ἐπιφανής), meaning “God Manifest” or “the Glorious/Illustrious”, is an ancient Greek epithet borne by several Hellenistic rulers: Antiochus IV Epiphanes (c. 215–164 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire.
What did Antiochus Epiphanes do to the Temple in Jerusalem?
Antiochus IV (Epiphanes), the king of Syria, captured Jerusalem in 167 BC and desecrated the Temple by offering the sacrifice of a pig on an altar to Zeus (the Abomination of Desolation).
Who destroyed King Solomon’s Temple?
The Temple suffered at the hands of Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylonia, who removed the Temple treasures in 604 bce and 597 bce and totally destroyed the building in 587/586.
What is the abomination in the Temple?
“Abomination of desolation” is a phrase from the Book of Daniel describing the pagan sacrifices with which the 2nd century BCE Greek king Antiochus IV replaced the twice-daily offering in the Jewish temple, or alternatively the altar on which such offerings were made.
Who destroyed the Second Temple of Jerusalem?
Siege of Jerusalem, (70 ce), Roman military blockade of Jerusalem during the First Jewish Revolt. The fall of the city marked the effective conclusion of a four-year campaign against the Jewish insurgency in Judaea. The Romans destroyed much of the city, including the Second Temple.
What was the capital of the Seleucid empire?
The huge kingdom had two capitals, which Seleucus founded in around 300 B.C.: Antioch in Syria and Seleucia in Mesopotamia (Iraq). Seleucus established a dynasty that lasted for two centuries, during which time Hellenistic art, a fusion of Greek and Near Eastern artistic traditions, developed and flourished.
What happens as a result of Seleucid persecution?
This persecution of the Jews and desecration of the Temple sparked the Maccabean uprising beginning in 165. A quarter-century of Maccabean resistance ended with the final wresting of control over Judea from the Seleucids and the creation of an independent Judea in Palestine.
What does Antiochus mean in Greek?
From the Greek name Ἀντίοχος (Antiochos), derived from Greek ἀντί (anti) meaning “against, compared to, like” and ὀχή (oche) meaning “support”. This was the name of several rulers of the Seleucid Empire.
What is Sparagmus and Omophagy?
Sparagmos (Ancient Greek: σπαραγμός, from σπαράσσω sparasso, “tear, rend, pull to pieces”) is an act of rending, tearing apart, or mangling, usually in a Dionysian context. … Sparagmos was frequently followed by omophagia (the eating of the raw flesh of the one dismembered).
What did the Pharisees believe that the Sadducees did not?
The Sadducees refused to go beyond the written Torah (first five books of the Bible) and thus, unlike the Pharisees, denied the immortality of the soul, bodily resurrection after death, and—according to the Acts of the Apostles (23:8), the fifth book of the New Testament—the existence of angelic spirits.
What is the story of Hanukkah?
The eight-day Jewish celebration known as Hanukkah or Chanukah commemorates the rededication during the second century B.C. of the Second Temple in Jerusalem, where according to legend Jews had risen up against their Greek-Syrian oppressors in the Maccabean Revolt.
What is the golden menorah?
The menorah (/məˈnɔːrə/; Hebrew: מְנוֹרָה Hebrew pronunciation: [menoˈʁa]) is described in the Bible as the seven-lamp (six branches) ancient Hebrew lampstand made of pure gold and used in the tabernacle set up by Moses in the wilderness and later in the Temple in Jerusalem.
What is derision mean in the Bible?
1a : the use of ridicule or scorn to show contempt. b : a state of being laughed at or ridiculed : a state of being derided. 2 : an object of ridicule or scorn.
What was under Solomon’s Temple?
The Holy of Holies was prepared to receive and house the Ark; and when the Temple was dedicated, the Ark, containing the original tablets of the Ten Commandments, was placed beneath the cherubim.
Where is the Ark of the Covenant now?
Whether it was destroyed, captured, or hidden–nobody knows. One of the most famous claims about the Ark’s whereabouts is that before the Babylonians sacked Jerusalem, it had found its way to Ethiopia, where it still resides in the town of Aksum, in the St. Mary of Zion cathedral.
Does Solomon’s temple still exist?
No remains from Solomon’s Temple have ever been found. The presumption is that it was destroyed completely and buried during the huge project of building the Second Temple, in Herod’s time.
What is the holiest place in Judaism?
The Temple Mount is the holiest site in Judaism, which regards it as the place where God’s divine presence is manifested more than in any other place, and is the place Jews turn towards during prayer.
What are the abominations to God?
Proverbs 6:16–19 lists seven things which are also abominations: “haughty eyes, a lying tongue, hands that shed innocent blood, a heart that devises wicked schemes, feet that are swift in running to mischief, a false witness who utters lies, and one who spreads strife among brothers.”
What is the sacrilegious object?
Sacrilege is the violation or injurious treatment of a sacred object, site or person. This can take the form of irreverence to sacred persons, places, and things. When the sacrilegious offence is verbal, it is called blasphemy, and when physical, it is often called desecration.
Why did Nebuchadnezzar destroy Jerusalem?
(Inside Science) — In the 6th century B.C., the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II, fearful that the Egyptians would cut off the Babylonian trade routes to the eastern Mediterranean region known as the Levant, invaded and laid siege to Jerusalem to block them.
Why did Rome destroy the Temple in 70 AD?
The Jewish Amoraim attributed the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem as punishment from God for the “baseless” hatred that pervaded Jewish society at the time. Many Jews in despair are thought to have abandoned Judaism for some version of paganism, many others sided with the growing Christian sect within Judaism.
Who ruled Jerusalem before the Romans?
The Ottoman Empire ruled Jerusalem and much of the Middle East from about 1516 to 1917. After World War I, Great Britain took over Jerusalem, which was part of Palestine at the time. The British controlled the city and surrounding region until Israel became an independent state in 1948.
Was Seleucid a Persian Empire?
SELEUCID EMPIRE, founded in 312/311 BCE by Seleucus I Nicator (Figure 1), formerly a general in the army of Alexander the Great. The empire initially stretched from Bactria and Sogdia to the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, comprising Iran for about 150 years. …
Was the Seleucid empire successful?
The Seleucids managed to dominate Iran for 183 years (312–129 BC), a notable achievement considering the fact that the only uniting force keeping the Empire together was the martial prowess of the Kings. At its height, the Empire had a population equaling almost half of that of Qin Dynasty China.
Who destroyed the Seleucid empire?
Tigranes II invades and destroys the Seleucid Empire. Reign of Philip II Philoromaeus, last monarch of the Seleucid Empire. . The Roman general Pompey defeats the Seleucid Antiochus XIII and incorporates Syria as a province of the Roman empire.