A long bone has two parts: the diaphysis and the epiphysis. The diaphysis is the tubular shaft that runs between the proximal and distal ends of the bone. The hollow region in the diaphysis is called the medullary cavity, which is filled with yellow marrow.
What is the medical term for bones?
Oste/o = Bone. ✹ Osteon = bone.
What is the anatomical term for the bone ends?
At each end of the bone, at the site of the synovial joint, is an area called epiphysis. At the juncture between the two is an area called the metaphysis.
What are the basic anatomical terms?
Anterior | In front of or front |
---|---|
Dorsal | Towards the back of the body |
Distal | Away or farthest away from the trunk or the point of origin of the body part |
Proximal | Closer or towards the trunk or the point of origin of the body part |
Median | Midline of the body |
What is bone projection?
A projection is an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone. These are the attachment points for tendons and ligaments. In general, their size and shape is an indication of the forces exerted through the attachment to the bone.
What is bone tissue composed of?
Bone is made up of compact tissue (the hard, outer layer) and cancellous tissue (the spongy, inner layer that contains red marrow). Bone tissue is maintained by bone-forming cells called osteoblasts and cells that break down bone called osteoclasts.
What is the scientific definition of bone?
bone, rigid body tissue consisting of cells embedded in an abundant hard intercellular material. … Bone tissue makes up the individual bones of the human skeletal system and the skeletons of other vertebrates.
What is the collective term for the bones in the limbs?
The lower legs (tibia, fibula, and feet bones) and lower arm (radius, ulna, and bones of the hand). The Proximal and Distal skeleton are sometimes collectively referred to as bones of the extremities. The spine is divided into 5 main areas and each bone (verebrae) has a letter and number: Cervical vetebrae C1 – C7.
What are the 3 parts of a bone?
- Periosteum: The periosteum is a tough membrane that covers and protects the outside of the bone.
- Compact bone: Below the periosteum, compact bone is white, hard, and smooth. …
- Spongy bone: The core, inner layer of the bone is softer than compact bone.
What is the term for the bones of the toes?
Phalanges (singular: phalanx) – the 14 bones that make up the toes. The big toe consists of two phalanges – the distal and proximal. The other toes have three.
What are the 4 main anatomical positions?
The main directions for parts of the body are superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral, whereas the terms proximal and distal are more appropriate for the limbs (Figs. 1.6.
What are anatomical regions?
Anatomical regions. Areas of the human body defined by the landmarks provided by evident structures that are easily palpable or visible. Major regions: head, neck, thorax, abdomen, pelvis, upper extremity, lower extremity. Human body systems.
What are the 4 anatomical planes?
- median or sagittal plane.
- a parasagittal plane.
- frontal or coronal plane.
- transverse or axial plane.
Why are bone markings important anatomical landmarks?
Bone markings are projections and depressions found on bones, which help us to identify the location of other body structures, such as muscles. Their importance comes when we try to describe the shape of the bone or to understand how the muscles, ligaments and other structures affect this bone and vice versa.
Is trochanter a bone projection?
Anatomical terms of bone
In human anatomy, the third trochanter is a bony projection occasionally present on the proximal femur near the superior border of the gluteal tuberosity. When present, it is oblong, rounded, or conical in shape and sometimes continuous with the gluteal ridge.
What is a bone groove in anatomy?
Groove – A furrow in the bone surface that runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces. … It can be used to define a bone’s borders accurately.
Is bone an organ or tissue?
Bones are organs that consist primarily of bone tissue, also called osseous tissue. Bone tissue is a type of connective tissue consisting mainly of a collagen matrix that is mineralized with calcium and phosphorus crystals.
What cells are found in the periosteum?
The inner layer of the periosteum contains osteoblasts (bone-producing cells) and is most prominent in fetal life and early childhood, when bone formation is at its peak.
What is matrix in bone?
The bone matrix is that part of the bone tissue and forms most of the mass of the bone. It is comprised of organic and inorganic substances. The organic component of the bone matrix includes the collagen and ground substance whereas the inorganic component is the inorganic bone salts, mainly the hydroxyapatite.
What is bone in simple words?
Bone: Bone is the substance that forms the skeleton of the body. It is composed chiefly of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. It also serves as a storage area for calcium, playing a large role in calcium balance in the blood.
What term is used to describe where bones come together or join?
The place where two or more bones come together is called a joint. The bones at a joint are held together by strong bands of tissue called ligaments which allow the bones to move.
What is the area between the knee and ankle called?
The leg from the knee to the ankle is called the crus or cnemis /ˈniːmɪs/. The calf is the back portion, and the tibia or shinbone together with the smaller fibula make up the front of the lower leg.
What are the parts of lower limbs?
- hip.
- thigh.
- knee.
- leg.
- ankle.
- foot.
- toes.
What are the 5 major parts of the bone?
List five major parts of a long bone. Epiphysis, diaphysis, periosteum, yellow marrow, medullary cavity, compact bone, spongy bone, articular cartilage.
What are the membranes of bone?
The tough, thin outer membrane covering the bones is called the periosteum. Under the hard outer shell of the periosteum are tunnels and canals. Through these, blood and lymphatic vessels carry nourishment for the bone. Muscles, ligaments, and tendons may attach to the periosteum.
What is the function of the periosteum?
The periosteum helps bone growth. The outer periosteum layer contributes to the blood supply of your bones and the surrounding muscles. It also contains the network of nerve fibers that transmit messages throughout your body.
Where are the Tarsals?
tarsal, any of several short, angular bones that in humans make up the ankle and that—in animals that walk on their toes (e.g., dogs, cats) or on hoofs—are contained in the hock, lifted off the ground. The tarsals correspond to the carpal bones of the upper limb.
What are parts of foot called?
The feet are divided into three sections: The forefoot contains the five toes (phalanges) and the five longer bones (metatarsals). The midfoot is a pyramid-like collection of bones that form the arches of the feet. These include the three cuneiform bones, the cuboid bone, and the navicular bone.
What are the ankle bones called?
The ankle is a large joint made up of three bones: The shin bone (tibia) The thinner bone running next to the shin bone (fibula) A foot bone that sits above the heel bone (talus)
What are the 10 directional terms?
- Anterior: In front of, front.
- Posterior: After, behind, following, toward the rear.
- Distal: Away from, farther from the origin.
- Proximal: Near, closer to the origin.
- Dorsal: Near the upper surface, toward the back.
- Ventral: Toward the bottom, toward the belly.
- Superior: Above, over.
What are anatomical movements?
Anatomical movements can be defined as the act or instance of moving the bodily structures or as the change of position in one or more of the joints of the body. Joint actions are described in relation to the anatomical position which is the universal starting position for describing movement.
What are the three types of anatomy?
- Gross anatomy is subdivided into surface anatomy (the external body), regional anatomy (specific regions of the body), and systemic anatomy (specific organ systems).
- Microscopic anatomy is subdivided into cytology (the study of cells) and histology (the study of tissues).
Why anatomical terms are important?
Anatomical terms are used to describe specific areas and movements of the body as well as the relation of body parts to each other. It is essential for health professionals to have knowledge of anatomical terms in order to effectively communicate with colleagues in a scientific manner.
What term refers to the region in front of the elbow?
the antecubital region encompassing the front of the elbow, the antebrachial region encompassing the forearm, the carpal region encompassing the wrist, the palmar region encompassing the palm, the digital/phalangeal region encompassing the fingers.
How many bones does the cephalic region have?
The skull can also be described as being composed of the cranium, which encloses the cranial cavity, and the facial skeleton (includes the mandible). There are eight bones in the cranium and fourteen in the facial skeleton.
What anatomical position means?
Anatomical position, or standard anatomical position, refers to the positioning of the body when it is standing upright and facing forward with each arm hanging on either side of the body, and the palms facing forward. The legs are parallel, with feet flat on the floor and facing forward.
What is distal anatomy?
Distal refers to sites located away from a specific area, most often the center of the body. In medicine, it refers to parts of the body further away from the center. For example, the hand is distal to the shoulder. The thumb is distal to the wrist. Distal is the opposite of proximal.
What is anatomical plane?
An anatomical plane refers to a hypothetical plane used in describing the location of bodily structures or movement directions. The three planes that are commonly used in human and animal anatomy are sagittal plane, coronal plane, and transverse plane.