Harlow hypothesized that members of the first group benefitted from a psychological resource—emotional attachment—unavailable to members of the second. By providing reassurance and security to infants, cuddling kept normal development on track.
What was Harry Harlow’s contribution to psychology?
Harry Harlow was an American psychologist who is best-remembered for his series of controversial and often outrageously cruel experiments with rhesus monkeys. In order to study the effects of maternal separation and social isolation, Harlow placed infant monkeys in isolated chambers.
What is Harlow’s contact comfort theory?
The infant’s need for physical closeness and touching is referred to as contact comfort. Contact comfort is believed to be the foundation for attachment. The Harlows’ studies confirmed that babies have social as well as physical needs. Both monkeys and human babies need a secure base that allows them to feel safe.
What was the purpose of Harlow’s experiment?
In the 1950’s, psychologist Harry Harlow began a series of experiments on baby monkeys, depriving them of their biological mothers and using substitute wire and terry cloth covered “mothers”. Harlow’s goal was to study the nature of attachment and how it affects monkeys who were deprived of their mothers early in life.
What inspired Harlow’s research on attachment?
Harlow was interested in the infants’ attachment to the cloth diapers, speculating that the soft material may simulate the comfort provided by a mother’s touch. … In both conditions, Harlow found that the infant monkeys spent significantly more time with the terry cloth mother than they did with the wire mother.
How many monkeys were used in Harlow’s study?
Harlow conducted research with 8 rhesus monkeys which were caged from infancy with wire mesh food dispensing and cloth-covered surrogate mothers, to investigate which of the two alternatives would have more attachment behaviours directed towards it.
What type of psychologist is Harry Harlow?
Harry Harlow was a 20th century psychologist who worked with primates. He is best known for his studies on maternal separation and isolation with rhesus monkeys.
Why did Harry Harlow change his name?
Harlow studied largely under Terman, the developer of the Stanford-Binet IQ Test, and Terman helped shape Harlow’s future. After receiving a PhD in 1930, Harlow changed his name from Israel to Harlow.
Who is Harry Harlow quizlet?
Harlow wanted to study the mechanisms by which newborn rhesus monkeys bond with their mothers. These infants were highly dependent on their mothers for nutrition, protection, comfort and socialization.
What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key?
What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to infant-mother bonding? The research of the Harlows demonstrated that the key to mother-child bonding is the ability of the mother to provide food and other nutrition to the offspring. You just studied 34 terms!
What did the Harlow’s Discover in 1971 about attachment What was surprising about their discovery?
Harlow aimed to find out whether baby monkeys would prefer a source of food or a source of comfort and protection as an attachment figure. They had two artificial surrogate mother. … It was concluded that Infant monkeys formed more of an attachment with a figure that provided comfort and protection.
How did Ainsworth’s research relate to Harlow’s research?
Therefore, a difference between the two sets of work on attachment is that the work by Harlow studied attachment of monkeys whereas Ainsworth conducted studies on the attachment of humans. Furthermore, the means through which these two researchers investigated the phenomenon of attachment is highly different.
What was the sample in Lorenz’s study?
I.V: Whether the goslings saw Lorenz or their mother first. D.V: Who they imprinted on. Sample: Lorenz took a batch of fertilised eggs and separated them into the experimental group and the control group.
How do the results of Harlow refute the learning explanation of attachment?
How do the results of Harlow refute Bowlby’s theory of attachment? Bowlby’s theory suggests that infants attach for adaptive survival reasons. However, Harlow’s monkeys spent most of their time cuddled to a soft cloth-covered monkey that provided no food.
What is Ainsworth attachment theory?
Ainsworth’s maternal sensitivity hypothesis argues that a child’s attachment style is dependent on the behavior their mother shows towards them. ‘Sensitive’ mothers are responsive to the child’s needs and respond to their moods and feelings correctly.
What is Bowlby theory?
Bowlby (1969) believed that attachment behaviors (such as proximity seeking) are instinctive and will be activated by any conditions that seem to threaten the achievement of proximity, such as separation, insecurity, and fear.
What did Mary Ainsworth do?
Mary Ainsworth is an American-Canadian developmental psychologist, feminist, and army veteran who specialized in child psychology. Ainsworth devised an experiment called the “Strange Situation” in reaction to John Bowlby’s initial finding that infants form an emotional bond to its caregiver.
Who inspired Harry Harlow?
Among the scientists to work there was Abraham Maslow, who would later establish the school of humanistic psychology. Harlow was intrigued by love. He questioned the theories then current which stated that love began as a feeding bond with the mother and applied by extension to other family members.
What did Solomon Asch contribution to psychology?
Solomon Asch is considered a pioneer of social psychology and Gestalt psychology. 5 His conformity experiments demonstrated the power of social influence and still serve as a source of inspiration for social psychology researchers today.
Which type of psychologists would be most interested in studying anxiety and mental illness?
Mental health professionals help assess, diagnose, and treat a wide variety of psychological disorders including anxiety and depression. Counselors, clinical psychologists, and psychotherapists often work directly in this field.
What belief about attachment did Harlow’s work with monkeys disprove?
This disproved the prominent theory known as the “cupboard theory” in which it was believed that infants only had an attachment to their mothers because they were the source of food, thus associating the mother with positive feelings.
What is contact comfort in psychology?
Contact Comfort refers to the physical and emotional comfort that an infant receives from being in physical contact with its mother. For instance, we’ve all seen the reaction that a crying baby can have due to being picked up by its mother; it relaxes and stops crying.
What is the hallmark of mothers of securely attached infants?
The mother is sensitive to the child’s needs, is aware of the child’s moods, can discriminate the infant’s signals, and is responsive, warm, and affectionate.
Which represents an achieved status?
An achieved status is one that is acquired on the basis of merit; it is a position that is earned or chosen and reflects a person’s skills, abilities, and efforts. Being a professional athlete, for example, is an achieved status, as is being a lawyer, college professor, or even a criminal.
What concept do sociologists have in mind when they say society makes us human?
This process by which we learn the ways of society (or of particular groups), called socialization, is what sociologists have in mind when they say, “Society makes us human.”
Functionalist sociologists rely on measures of socioeconomic status (SES), such as education, income, and occupation, to determine someone’s social class.
Which of the following was the critical comparison for Harlow’s research?
Which of the following was the critical comparison for Harlow’s research? The comparison between a wire mother who provided food and a cloth mother who did not provide food is the comparison that allowed Harlow to separate the influence of nursing from the influence of contact comfort.