Unless you have viewed the article as a full image copy, the page numbers you use for an electronic source in-text citation may not correspond directly to a published version of that source. For instance, although the Anakwe article begins on “p. 653” in the original journal, “p.
Is the page number necessary?
You can use page number, paragraph number, and other source parts to help instructors and students find specific content. This information is typically required for direct quotations, but only recommended for paraphrases and summaries.
How do I cite an electronic source?
- author/editor.
- publication or update date.
- article title.
- journal title.
- the type of medium (i.e. CD-ROM, online, etc.)
- volume and/or pages.
- a source statement (e.g. URL, electronic database vendor, email address, etc.)
- date you accessed the resource online.
What happens if an article doesn’t have a page number?
According to the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): When an electronic source lacks page numbers, you should try to include information that will help readers find the passage being cited. Use the heading or section name, an abbreviated heading or section name, a paragraph number (para. 1), or a combination of these.
What elements are in electronic media citation?
- Name of the author: Is the author a recognized authority? Or is the author a student who has posted his or her paper online? …
- Name of the sponsoring institution: …
- Date of posting:
How do you cite an electronic source with no page number?
Using In-text Citation
MLA in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the page number from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken, for example: (Smith 163). If the source does not use page numbers, do not include a number in the parenthetical citation: (Smith).
What does an electronic reference always start with?
Messages posted by users on forums, discussion lists, and newsgroups should follow the basic structure for citing an online document. When possible, use the poster’s real name starting with the last name and followed by a first initial. If this is not possible, list the author’s online screen name.
Do you need page numbers for MLA?
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author’s last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphrase is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page.
What are electronic references?
The APA Style Guide to Electronic References says to “format references to technical and research reports and other gray literature as you would a book retrieved online.” Thus, a reference to an annual report follows the usual who-when-what-where format. For example, American Psychological Association. (
Do you need page numbers when paraphrasing Harvard?
Paraphrasing is not a direct quote, so there is no need to include quotation marks or page numbers. List the name(s) of the author(s) and the date of publication directly after the paraphrase.
Do you need a page number when paraphrasing in MLA?
If you are paraphrasing, you need to cite the author and include a page number, but do not use quotation marks. Citing Web Sites: For web sites or other electronic sources that do not provide page numbers, you may simply cite the entire work or include a reference to the work in the text of your essay.
What happens if an article doesn’t have a page number MLA?
As the MLA Handbook notes, “When a source has no page numbers or any other kind of part number, no number should be given in a parenthetical citation” (56).
How do you Harvard reference a book with no page number?
If you are citing a source which you would usually expect to include page numbers, such as a book, and they are missing, use the words ‘[no pagination]’ in your in-text citation in place of ‘p. ‘ or ‘pp. ‘
Do you need page numbers in APA 7?
Use a 12pt, legible font such as Times New Roman. Everything, including the title page and references, should be double-spaced. Each page, including the title page, should have a page number (no last name) in the top-right corner and one-inch margins. APA 7 standard for students does not require a running head.
How do you in-text cite APA with no page number?
Using In-text Citation
For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p. 14). For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number, for example: (Field, 2005, para. 1).
Does APA need a title page?
A title page is required for all APA Style papers. There are both student and professional versions of the title page. Students should use the student version of the title page unless their instructor or institution has requested they use the professional version.
Does MLA have a cover page?
The Modern Language Association (MLA) does not require you to create a cover page when you complete your research paper, but some instructors may require it.
Citing web pages with no author or date
Use a shortened version of the title in your in-text citation. The shortened title must match the first words of your Works Cited entry. “Title of Article.” Website Name, Day Month Year, URL.
Do you put page numbers in bibliography MHRA?
Specific page numbers are not given, but if you are referring to a chapter within a book, or an article in a journal, etc. a page range is included. You can also include works read but not cited in your bibliography. The Bibliography is arranged alphabetically by author surname.
What are electronic sources of information?
Electronic information sources are defined by different scholars differently and commonly can be defined as sources of information that are held in a digital or electronic format. EIS can be accessed, searched or retrieved either by an electronic network or by an electronic data Processing application (3–5).
Do I need page numbers in Harvard?
In Harvard style, when you quote directly from a source that includes page numbers, your in-text citation must include a page number. For example: (Smith, 2014, p. 33). You can also include page numbers to point the reader towards a passage that you paraphrased.
Do you put page numbers in bibliography Oscola?
Pinpoints to pages, chapters, parts and paragraphs come at the end of the footnote, whether you are directly quoting or paraphrasing from a source. Page numbers are not included in the Table of Authorities or Bibliography.
Do you need in-text citations for paraphrasing APA?
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers.
Do you have to use in-text citations when paraphrasing MLA?
When you write information or ideas from a source in your own words, cite the source by adding an in-text citation at the end of the paraphrased portion. Include a full in-text citation with the author name and page number (if there is one).
No Author. If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details. Note: an author/creator won’t necessarily be a person’s name.
Do you need to include page numbers when paraphrasing APA?
Summary or paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference and may omit the page numbers.
Do I have to write running head on APA paper?
No, per the 7th edition (2020) of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, “the running head format has been simplified for professional authors and is not required for students.” Student papers no longer require the running head.
When referencing a book with no author in the reference list, the following format is used: Title of the book (Publication year) Place of publication: Publisher name. Example: Children’s illustrated treasury of knowledge: Earth (2013) London: BPI Worldwide.
Do I need a cover page for a paper?
The cover page is not a mandatory part of every paper. It is most often included in APA style papers—but even when a student is required to write in APA the cover page is not always obligatory. Typically, a professor will include in the instructions for an assignment whether or not a cover page is required.
What is the difference between a cover page and a title page in APA?
What is the difference between a Title Page and a Cover Page? A title page is the page that comes right at the very beginning of your paper, a page that only has the bare essentials like title, author’s name and institution name on it. A cover page, however, is something that often comes after the title page.
Does APA cover page have page number?
General APA Guidelines
Include a page header (also known as the “running head”) at the top of every page. For a professional paper, this includes your paper title and the page number. For a student paper, this only includes the page number. To create a page header/running head, insert page numbers flush right.
When a web page has no identifiable author, cite in the text the first few words of the reference list entry, usually the title and the year, note the title of the web page is italicised. References: Title of web page or document Year, Publisher (if applicable), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.
What is the title page in APA format?
Title Page
APA recommends that your title be no more than 12 words in length and that it should not contain abbreviations or words that serve no purpose. Your title may take up one or two lines. All text on the title page, and throughout your paper, should be double-spaced.
Does the title page count as page 1 MLA?
The MLA Style Center
The first page of an essay should be numbered 1. Therefore, if you are preparing an essay that includes a title page, do not number the title page.
What is MLA format for essays?
An MLA paper has a standard look for every page including 1-inch margins, a readable font, a running header including your last name and page number, and author-page in-text citations. At the end of your paper, you will include a works cited with a list of all the sources used in the paper.
How do you do MLA citations for websites?
Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Work.” Title of Site, Sponsor or Publisher [include only if different from website title or author], Date of Publication or Update Date, URL. Accessed Date [only if no date of publication or update date].
Unknown Author
If the work does not have an author, cite the source by its title in the signal phrase or use the first word or two in the parentheses. Titles of books and reports are italicized; titles of articles, chapters, and web pages are in quotation marks.
When a work is published without an author’s name, begin the works-cited-list entry with the title of the work. Do not use Anonymous in place of an author’s name: “English Language Arts Standards.” Common Core State Standards Initiative, 2017, www.corestandards.org/ELA-Literacy/.
Which is type of electronic information?
There are many different types of electronic communication including but not limited to: email, social media newsgroups, chat rooms, video conferencing, instant messaging, phone and fax.
If the work has four or more authors/editors the abbreviation ‘et al. ‘ should be used after the first author’s name. It is also acceptable to use ‘et al. ‘ after the first author if the work has three authors.
Is MHRA the same as Harvard?
They are called the MLA (Modern Languages Association) system, the APA (American Psychological Association) system, the Harvard system, and the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) system.
Can I use ibid in MHRA?
If two or more consecutive references are from the same source, then they are cited using ibid.
Are footnotes MHRA?
MHRA style is a set of guidelines for referencing, commonly used in humanities subjects. In MHRA, sources are cited in footnotes, marked by superscript numbers in the text. Subsequent citations of the same source are shortened, usually to just the author’s last name and the page number.