Lavas, particularly basaltic ones, come in two primary types: pahoehoe (pronounced ‘paw-hoey-hoey”) and aa (pronounced “ah-ah”). Both names, like a number of volcanological terms, are of Hawaiian origin. A third type, pillow lava, forms during submarine eruptions.
What are the 3 main types of lava?
There are three basic types of magma: basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic, each of which has a different mineral composition.
Why are there two types of lava?
And so, there are several different types of lava. The type of lava coming out of a volcano depends on its mineral content. Some lava is very thin, and can flow out of a volcano in great rivers that go for dozens of kilometers. Other lava is very thick, and only flows for a short distance before cooling and hardening.
What are the 4 types of lava?
Because of the role of silica in determining viscosity and because many other properties of a lava (such as its temperature) are observed to correlate with silica content, silicate lavas are divided into four chemical types based on silica content: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and ultramafic.
What are the two types of basaltic lava?
Basaltic lava generally takes two distinct forms known by the Hawaiian terms pahoehoe and aa. Pahoehoe has a smooth wavy surface that resembles twisted rope. It advances by extruding molten toes of lava beneath a thin, flexible crust. As it travels pahoehoe lava often changes to blocky flows called aa.
What are the type of lava flows?
The most common way to divide lava flows into distinct types is following: Pahoehoe lava flow, Aa lava flow, Blocky lava flow, and also Pillow lava flow. … The most common subaerial lava flows today are pahoehoe, aa, and blocky lavas. Lava surface is cooling very rapidly.
What types of volcanoes is andesitic lava found in?
ANDESITIC LAVA
These viscous lavas have relatively high aspect ratios (thickness/area), generally > 1/100, and some are thick enough to form as lava domes. Andesite commonly erupts from stratovolcanoes, where they form small-volume flows that typically advance only short distances down the flanks of a volcano.
What are the different types of volcanoes?
Geologists generally group volcanoes into four main kinds–cinder cones, composite volcanoes, shield volcanoes, and lava domes.
What are the names of the two types of lava flows quizlet?
- Pahoehoe. -Basaltic Lava. -The 2nd most abundant type of lava. …
- Pillow. -Basaltic lava(Most abundant basaltic lava) -Volumetrically the most abundant type. …
- A’a. -Basaltic lava. -Rough, jagged surface. …
- Cinders. -Lava cools and solidifies in the air. …
- Block Lava. -Basaltic lava. …
- Rhyolite Lava. -Varied textures.
What are the two kinds of lava in Hawaii?
There are two principal types of lava flows in Hawaii. Pahoehoe is the type characterized by smooth, ropy, or billowy surfaces (Plate 5); whereas aa has a very rough, spiny or rubbly surface, but a massive interior (Plate 4).
What is frozen lava called?
Magma and lava solidify in much the same way that water freezes. When magma or lava cools down enough, it solidi- fies, or “freezes,” to form igneous rock.
What is cold lava called?
Cold lava flows, also known as lahars, are mud flows consisting of volcanic ash, rocks and other debris. The flows can travel quickly and effectively bulldoze or bury anything in their paths.
What type of lava is basaltic lava?
Basaltic lava is another term for mafic lava. Mafic lava is molten rock that is enriched in iron and magnesium and low in silica. When mafic lava cools on the earth’s surface, it forms basalt, which is why mafic lava is commonly called ‘basaltic lava.
What is the difference between andesitic and basaltic lava?
Both lavas are formed at different plate boundaries which is why they have different silica contents: the basaltic lava forms from the hot mantle material at constructive plate boundaries and hotspots whereas the andesitic lava forms at destructive plate boundaries from melting crust.
What is rhyolite lava?
Volcanic rock (or lava) that characteristically is light in color, contains 69 or more percent of silica, and is rich in potassium and sodium. Rhyolitic lavas are viscous and tend to form thick blocky lava flows or steep-sided piles of lava called lava domes. …
What type of lava flows the fastest?
PAHOEHOE – has a shiny, smooth, glassy surface. It tends to be more fluid (lower viscosity), hence flows more quickly and produces thinner flows (typically 1-3 m).
Is water a type of lava?
If we’re using it as an adjective (definition: covered or saturated with water or another liquid), then lava is a liquid state so it therefore it’s wet. … Lava does contain a lot of water, especially prior to eruption (when it’s called magma), but also as it flows across the ground,’ he explained.
Why are there so many different types of magma?
Why are there so many different types of magmas? Because it depends on the source, how it interacts with its surroundings (assimilation), and whether crystals sink as they form (partial melting and magma mixing).
What type of volcano is Mt St Helens?
Mount St. Helens is a stratovolcano, a steep-sided volcano located in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States in the state of Washington.
Where are the different types of magma generated?
Granitic, or rhyolitic, magmas and andesitic magmas are generated at convergent plate boundaries where the oceanic lithosphere (the outer layer of Earth composed of the crust and upper mantle) is subducted so that its edge is positioned below the edge of the continental plate or another oceanic plate.
Which two types of volcanoes are associated with the eruption of fluid basaltic lava?
Eruptions of basaltic magma produce shield volcanoes, such as Mauna Loa in Hawaii and cinder cones, such as Sunset Crater in Arizona.
What are the 3 types of volcanoes and examples?
Individual volcanoes vary in the volcanic materials they produce, and this affects the size, shape, and structure of the volcano. There are three types of volcanoes: cinder cones (also called spatter cones), composite volcanoes (also called stratovolcanoes), and shield volcanoes.
What is a lava volcano?
Molten rock below the surface of the Earth that rises in volcanic vents is known as magma, but after it erupts from a volcano it is called lava. … After cooling, liquid magma may form crystals of various minerals until it becomes completely solid and forms an igneous or magmatic rock.
What are the 5 main types of volcanoes?
Composite, shield, cinder cones, and supervolcanoes are the main types of volcanoes. Composite volcanoes are tall, steep cones that produce explosive eruptions.
Which type of lava flows easily quizlet?
Mafic Lava (low in silica content) will flow more easily. Felsic, will flow more sluggishly.; (2) the temp of the lava, hotter=more fluid; (3) gases dissolved in lava, the greater the dissolved gas the more fluid. .
Which of the following are types of volcanoes quizlet?
- Shield Volcano. A wide, gently sloping mountain made of layers of lava and formed by quiet eruptions.
- Cinder cone volcano. a small, steeply sloped volcano that forms from moderately explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material.
- composite volcano. …
- Lava Plateau. …
- Caldera.
What are the two primary factors that determine how magma erupts?
The two primary factors that determine how magma erupts is its viscosity and gas content.
Is there pink lava?
Once lava begins to harden it can turn into a variety of shapes and colors. The color of lava depends on the temperature of the flow as well as the chemical composition and any impurities that are in the liquid rock. Colors can include black, red, gray, brown and tan, metallic sliver, pink, and green.
Is there blue lava?
“Blue lava” is an electric-blue fire that burns when sulfur combusts, producing a neon-blue flame. Sulfur burns when it comes into contact with hot air at temperatures above 360 °C (680 °F), which produces the energetic flames. Actual lava is red-orange in color, given its temperature.
What causes pink lava?
Janine Krippner, a volcanologist at Concord University in West Virginia, said via Twitter the plume is pink because the basaltic rock surrounding the Pu’u ‘O’o crater is red. … The extreme heat from the volcano had caused igneous rock in Pu’u ‘O’o to oxidize, chemically react with oxygen, turning it red.
Does obsidian exist?
obsidian, igneous rock occurring as a natural glass formed by the rapid cooling of viscous lava from volcanoes. Obsidian is extremely rich in silica (about 65 to 80 percent), is low in water, and has a chemical composition similar to rhyolite. Obsidian has a glassy lustre and is slightly harder than window glass.
Can lava melt diamonds?
To put it simply, a diamond cannot melt in lava, because the melting point of a diamond is around 4500 °C (at a pressure of 100 kilobars) and lava can only be as hot as about 1200 °C.
Is rock frozen?
Yes, rocks are solids, though not all of them will have frozen and there’s a minor complication about what we mean by freezing for some rocks. Firstly note that sedimentary rocks formed by chemical processes so they were never liquid. So although these rocks are solid, they haven’t frozen.
Can we drink lava?
You wouldn’t be able to swallow it — lava is molten rock, and as such, is extraordinarily dense and viscous. It will stick to you and cool down to the point of solidification.
Can you freeze lava?
When molten rock, or lava, freezes, it forms crystals. If the rock freezes quickly, the crystals do not have time to grow very big. Lava that runs out of volcanoes cools down quickly.
What is dry lava called?
Dry lava is called igneous rock. The superheated molten rock that reaches the surface in an eruption is called lava, and lava may flow for miles before cooling.
What kind of lava does pahoehoe form?
Pahoehoe lava is a common type of basaltic lava that cools down forming typical smooth, billowy, or ropy surfaces. Often, it forms by many small breakouts of lava from an over-crusted inflating flat, irregular flow.
What is the difference between basalt and lava?
Lava Stone is a more generic term than Basalt from a geological standpoint. Most of the time it’s used in the stone industry to describe any stone that is a volcanic rock, which in reality can vary widely based on the mineral content of the volcanic rock itself.
What are three types of basalt?
Basalt has several textural varieties such as glassy, massive, porphyritic, vesicular, scoriaceous. In the Keweenaw we can subdivide textures into three types, following Huber’s example: Porphyrite, Trap and Ophite, applies ideally to Isle Royale, but works for the PLV on the Keweenaw too.
What is the difference between granitic and basaltic lava?
Igneous rocks (Granites). Igneous rocks are formed by the crystallisation of a magma. The difference between granites and basalts is in silica content and their rates of cooling. A basalt is about 53% SiO2, whereas granite is 73%.
Is basaltic lava thicker than andesitic lava?
Is basaltic lava thicker than andesitic lava? Basaltic melts have overall lower gas contents and are more fluid than their andesitic-to-rhyolitic counterparts. Their higher fluidity (lower viscosity) is a product of their lower SiO2 (silica) contents. …
What type of volcano rhyolitic andesitic or basaltic is the most explosive?
Lavas and pyroclastics are usually andesitic to rhyolitic in composition. Due to the higher viscosity of magmas erupted from these volcanoes, they are usually more explosive than shield volcanoes.