Convection currents are the result of differential heating. Lighter (less dense), warm material rises while heavier (more dense) cool material sinks. It is this movement that creates circulation patterns known as convection currents in the atmosphere, in water, and in the mantle of Earth
What are convection currents and what causes them quizlet?
Convection is heat transfer by the movement of currents with in a fluid. It is caused by the difference in temperature and density. … Heating and cooling of the fluid, changes in the fluid density, and the force of gravity, combine to set convection currents in motion.
What are convection of currents?
A convection current is a process that involves the movement of energy from one place to another. It is also called convection heat transfer. … The heat energy can be transferred by the process of convection by the difference occurring in temperature between the two parts of the fluid.
What causes convection?
Convection currents occur when a reservoir of fluid is heated at the bottom, and allowed to cool at the top.. Heat causes the fluid to expand, decreasing its density. If there is cooler material on top, it will be more compact and therefore, will sink to the bottom. The heated material will rise to the top.
What causes convection currents in Earth mantle?
It is caused by the difference in temperature and density. … Heating and cooling of the fluid, changes in the fluid density, and the force of gravity, combine to set convection currents in motion. Heat from the core and the mantle itself cause convection currents in the mantle.
What are conduction currents?
Definition of conduction current
: a movement of electricity in an electric conductor — compare displacement current.
What is convection current in geography?
Convection currents, that occur within the molten rock in the mantle, act like a conveyor belt for the plates. Tectonic plates move in different directions. … The friction between the convection current and the crust causes the tectonic plate to move. The liquid rock then sinks back towards the core as it cools.
What is convection Class 9?
Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through conduction, but the bulk heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid.
What is convection short answer?
Convection is the circular motion that happens when warmer air or liquid — which has faster moving molecules, making it less dense — rises, while the cooler air or liquid drops down. Convection is a major factor in weather. … That current can result in wind, clouds, or other weather.
What are the three main sources of convection?
The primary sources of thermal energy for mantle convection are three: (1) internal heating due to the decay of the radioactive isotopes of uranium, thorium, and potassium; (2) the long-term secular cooling of the earth; and (3) heat from the core.
What are two factors that cause convection?
- heating and cooling of the fluid,
- changes in the fluid’s density, and.
- force of gravity.
- The heat source for these currents is heat from Earth’s core and from the mantle itself.
- Hot columns of mantle material rise slowly.
What are convection currents in the mantle?
Convection currents are the movement of fluid as a result of differential heating or convection. In the case of the Earth, convection currents refer to the motion of molten rock in the mantle as radioactive decay heats up magma, causing it to rise and driving the global-scale flow of magma.
How does convection current start?
Convection currents form because a heated fluid expands, becoming less dense. The less-dense heated fluid rises away from the heat source. As it rises, it pulls cooler fluid down to replace it. … This cycle establishes a circular current that stops only when heat is evenly distributed throughout the fluid.
Which of these best explains the cause of convection currents in Earth’s atmosphere causing winds?
Which student has the best explanation that describes what causes wind? Uneven heating of Earth causes convection currents.
What is the difference between convection and convection current?
In short, convection is the transfer of heat by moving mass. The current is the motion of this mass. Convection creates currents. Originally Answered: What is the difference between convection and convection currents (Please answer using a simple language for a lower standard)?
What is difference between conduction and convection current?
The main difference between conduction and convection is that in conduction heat is transferred directly whereas convection heat is transferred through the fluid.
What is conduction and convection and radiation?
Conduction is the process of transfer of heat through direct contact. Convection is a mode of heat transfer that involves the movement of molecules. Radiation is a mode of heat transfer that occurs through electromagnetic waves.
What force causes natural convection currents?
The driving force for natural convection is gravity. For example if there is a layer of cold dense air on top of hotter less dense air, gravity pulls more strongly on the denser layer on top, so it falls while the hotter less dense air rises to take its place. This creates circulating flow: convection.
What is convection class 7th?
Convection: The process of heat transfer from one part of a fluid to another part by the actual movement of the particles of the fluid is called convection. Liquid and gases are heated by the process of convection. … For example, the heat from the sun reaches the earth through radiation mode.
What is convection Class 11?
Convection is the process of heat transfer from hot body to cold body by the bulk movement of the molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. … Convection is the process of heat transfer in fluids by the actual motion of molecules in the fluids. It happens in liquids as well as gases. It may be natural or forced.
https://youtube.com/watch?v=N8mCn8f3za0
What does convection mean in physics?
convection, process by which heat is transferred by movement of a heated fluid such as air or water. … Forced convection involves the transport of fluid by methods other than that resulting from variation of density with temperature. Movement of air by a fan or of water by a pump are examples of forced convection.
How do you explain convection to a child?
Convection is a way in which heat travels. It occurs when heat is transferred by the movement of liquids or gases. The other methods of heat transfer are conduction and radiation. Natural convection occurs when fluids are heated.
What is convection and its examples?
Convection is the transfer of heat by circulating it through air or liquids. … The cold water is pushed downward towards the hot bottom of the pot due to convection currents, and the process continues. 2. A Hot Air Balloon. Hot air balloons rise due to the propensity of warmer air to be less dense than the air around it.
What is convection and examples?
Everyday Examples of Convection
boiling water – When water boils, the heat passes from the burner into the pot, heating the water at the bottom. This hot water rises and cooler water moves down to replace it, causing a circular motion. … ice melting – Ice melts because heat moves to the ice from the air.
What are 4 examples of convection?
- Breeze. The formation of sea and land breeze form the classic examples of convection. …
- Boiling Water. …
- Blood Circulation in Warm-Blooded Mammals. …
- Air-Conditioner. …
- Radiator. …
- Refrigerator. …
- Hot Air Popper. …
- Hot Air Balloon.
How do convection currents in the mantle cause plates to move?
convection currents are a process in which the materials inside the mantle heat up and rise to the surface whilst the cooler liquid sinks; as it sinks it then heats up and rises again. This continuous cycle is established: hot liquid rising, cold liquid descending. These currents cause the tectonic plates to move.
What best explains how convection affects the atmosphere?
Convection happens because warm air is less dense than the cold air around it, so it is lighter and rises or goes up in the atmosphere. … There is a constant balancing act going on all the time in our atmosphere as moist, warm air goes upward and cooler, denser air moves down.
Which explains the relationship between ocean currents and convection currents?
Thermal energy also moves within the ocean and within the atmosphere through the process of convection. During convection, cooler water or air sinks, and warmer water or air rises. This movement causes currents. Ocean currents are like rivers of water moving through the sea.
Where is Earth’s atmosphere heated by conduction?
Conduction in the Atmosphere
Since air is a poor conductor, most energy transfer by conduction occurs right near Earth’s surface. Conduction directly affects air temperature only a few centimeters into the atmosphere.