Meckel (1781–1833), is hyaline cartilage formed in the mandibular process of the first branchial arch of vertebrate embryos. An intermediate portion of Meckel’s cartilage is absorbed by multinucleated cells and disappears during the following developmental stages in mammals.
What does Meckel’s cartilage give rise to?
Meckel’s cartilage is comprised of three distinct regions. The anterior and posterior regions undergo endochondral ossification and contribute to mandibular development, and to formation of the malleus and incus (ear bones) respectively. The middle region degenerates and gives rise to the sphenomandibular ligament.
What is the function of Meckel’s cartilage?
Meckel’s cartilage acts as a jaw support during early development, and a template for the later forming jaw bones. In mammals, its anterior domain links the two arms of the dentary together at the symphysis while the posterior domain ossifies to form two of the three ear ossicles of the middle ear.
Where is Meckels cartilage derived?
The Meckel’s cartilage itself and the mandible are derived from the first branchial arch, and their development depends upon the contribution of the cranial neural crest cells.
What is the first branchial arch?
The first branchial arch – mandibular arch
As this is located in the lower jaw (mandibula) system, the first branchial arch is also referred to as the mandibular arch. The largest part of the cartilage degenerates, while another small part forms the two auditory ossicles, the malleus, and the incus.
Are branchial arches the same as pharyngeal arches?
The pharyngeal arches, also known as visceral arches, are structures seen in the embryonic development of vertebrates that are recognisable precursors for many structures. In fish, the arches are known as the branchial arches, or gill arches. … The vasculature of the pharyngeal arches is known as the aortic arches.
Does Meckel’s cartilage undergo endochondral ossification?
The distal region of Meckel’s cartilage undergoes endochondral ossification contributing to the symphysis of the mandible, whereas the most proximal portion (caudal end) gives rise to malleus and incus through endochondral ossification as well.
What is pharyngeal arch?
Anatomy: Pharyngeal arches are paired structures that grow on either side of the future head and neck of the developing embryo and fuse at the centerline. … Pharyngeal arches produce the cartilage, bone, nerves, muscles, glands, and connective tissue of the face and neck.
What is Reichert’s cartilage?
Reichert’s cartilage has been described as a continuous cartilaginous formation in the second pharyngeal arch and is the origin of several structures such as the styloid process of the temporal bone, the stylohyoid ligament and the lesser horns of the hyoid bone.
What is mandibular process?
The mandibular process is an embryological structure which gives rise to the lower jaw elements (e.g., mandible bone) of the developing face.
Which bones undergo endochondral ossification?
Endochondral ossification is the process of bone development from hyaline cartilage. All of the bones of the body, except for the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicles, are formed through endochondral ossification.
What does the Sphenomandibular ligament do?
The function of the sphenomandibular ligament is to limit distension of the mandible in an inferior direction. It is slack when the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is in closed position. It is taut as the condyle of the mandible is in front of the temporomandibular ligament.
Where is the Stylomandibular ligament?
The stylomandibular ligament is a thickened band of cervical fascia that extends from the styloid process to the posterior border of the ramus of the mandible, medially to the angle of the mandible. The stylomandibular ligament is responsible for limiting the opening and protrusion movements of the jaw.
What is the mandible derived from?
The word “mandible” derives from the Latin word mandibula, “jawbone” (literally “one used for chewing”), from mandere “to chew” and -bula (instrumental suffix).
Where on the body would you find the mandible?
The mandible is the largest bone in the human skull. It holds the lower teeth in place, it assists in mastication and forms the lower jawline. The mandible is composed of the body and the ramus and is located inferior to the maxilla. The body is a horizontally curved portion that creates the lower jawline.
What is the second branchial arch?
Second branchial arch:
Arch: stapes, the body of the hyoid, lesser horn of hyoid, muscles of facial expression, and CNVII.
What does the 2nd branchial arch form?
The second branchial arch cartilage produces the stapes, the styloid process, the stylohyoid ligament, and the superior portion of the body of the hyoid. The other branchial arch cartilages contribute to the inferior portion of the hyoid as well as the thyroid cartilage.
What is a pharyngeal pouch?
A pharyngeal pouch, also known as Zenker’s diverticulum, occurs when part of the pharyngeal lining herniates through the muscles of the pharyngeal wall. This occurs mainly in older people. Presenting symptoms include dysphagia, regurgitation of undigested food, halitosis, hoarseness, and chronic cough.
What is hyoid arch?
Medical Definition of hyoid arch
: the second branchial arch that gives rise to various parts of the side and front of the neck including the styloid process, part of the hyoid bone, and stapes.
How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are there?
Pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts. There are five pairs of pharyngeal arches, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 for comparative embryology reasons.
What membrane surrounds cartilage?
Cartilage, like bone, is surrounded by a perichondrium-like fibrous membrane.
What is primitive pharynx?
Primitive Pharynx – the cranial portion of the foregut. Craniocaudal-from the front of the embryo (cranio) to the back of the embryo (caudal) Diverticulum – an outpocketing. … Pharyngeal arches are homologous with the branchial arch system of fish and larval amphibians.
What is Pretrematic nerve?
The Nerve which runs along the cranial border of an Arch is called post-trematic Nerve and the one which runs along its caudal border is called pre-trematic Nerve. In Case of Ist arch Lingual Nerve is post – trematic and Chorda Tympani is pre-trematic.
Which pharyngeal arch is the upper hyoid bone derived from?
the hyoid bone is derived from neural crest associated with pharyngeal arches II and III. the laryngeal cartilages are derived from neural crest associated with pharyngeal arches IV and VI.
What bone in reptiles is homologous to Meckel’s cartilage?
The quadrate and articular in the jaw joint of reptiles and the incus and malleus of the middle ear of mammals are homologs 6–12. These structures are formed by a Type II Collagen expressing condensation continuous with the proximal part of Meckel’s Cartilage (MC)11,13,14.
What is the Stylohyoid ligament?
The stylohyoid ligament is a ligament that connects the hyoid bone to the temporal styloid process (of the temporal bone of the skull).
What does the styloid process do?
The styloid process is a slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear. It projects down and forward from the inferior surface of the temporal bone, and serves as an anchor point for several muscles associated with the tongue and larynx.
What is a maxillary?
The maxilla is the bone that forms your upper jaw. The right and left halves of the maxilla are irregularly shaped bones that fuse together in the middle of the skull, below the nose, in an area known as the intermaxillary suture. The maxilla is a major bone of the face.
Is TMJ a synovial joint?
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), also known as the mandibular joint, is an ellipsoid variety of the right and left synovial joints forming a bicondylar articulation.
Is maxilla upper jaw?
jaw, either of a pair of bones that form the framework of the mouth of vertebrate animals, usually containing teeth and including a movable lower jaw (mandible) and fixed upper jaw (maxilla).
How does cartilage turn into bone?
Over time, most of this cartilage turns into bone, in a process called ossification. … Growth occurs when cartilage cells divide and increase in number in these growth plates. These new cartilage cells push older, larger cartilage cells towards the middle of a bone.
What is the difference between Intramembranous and endochondral ossification?
In intramembranous ossification, bone develops directly from sheets of mesenchymal connective tissue. In endochondral ossification, bone develops by replacing hyaline cartilage.
What age does cartilage turn to bone?
By about age 16, all extra cartilage has matured into bone. Children have growth plates in each long bone. A growth plate is an area of soft bone at each end of the long bones. Growth plates allow the bone to grow as the child grows.
What is the Infratemporal fossa?
The infratemporal fossa is a space below the temporal fossa. Its borders include: Superiorly, the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Inferiorly, the medial pterygoid muscle. Anteriorly, the maxilla.
What is Pterygomandibular raphe?
The pterygomandibular raphe (pterygomandibular ligament) is a ligamentous band of the buccopharyngeal fascia. It is attached superiorly to the pterygoid hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate, and inferiorly to the posterior end of the mylohyoid line of the mandible. … It resists mandibular realignment.
What is the origin and insertion of sphenomandibular ligament?
The sphenomandibular ligament (SML) develops from Meckel’s cartilage and is flat and thin [1]. The superior attachment site of the ligament is the spine of the sphenoid bone [2] and the inferior attachment is on and around the lingula of the mandible.
What is Eagle’s syndrome?
Eagle syndrome is characterized by recurrent pain in the middle part of the throat (oropharynx) and face. “Classic Eagle syndrome” is typically seen in patients after throat trauma or tonsillectomy. Symptoms include dull and persistent throat pain that may radiate to the ear and worsen with rotation of the head.
How is Ernest syndrome treated?
Treatment of Ernest syndrome, which is successful about 80 % of the time, includes a soft diet, use of an intra-oral splint, physiotherapy, medication and injections of local anesthetics at the insertion of the ligament.
How is Ernest syndrome diagnosed?
Ernest syndrome is best diagnosed utilizing the patient’s history, site palpation, and successful application of an anesthetic block of the SML insertion. The subject must have a positive history of pain in a known referral area.