Shapur I (also spelled Shabuhr I; Middle Persian: , romanized: Šābuhr) was the second Sasanian King of Kings of Iran. The dating of his reign is disputed, but it is generally agreed that he ruled from 240 to 270, with his father Ardashir I as co-regent until the death of the latter in 242.
What did Ardashir?
After defeating the last Parthian shahanshah Artabanus IV on the Hormozdgan plain in 224, he overthrew the Parthian dynasty and established the Sasanian dynasty. Afterwards, Ardashir called himself “shahanshah” and began conquering the land that he called Iran.
What was the famous rock inscription of Shapur I was about?
In a famous rock inscription cut in three languages, Iranian ruler Shapur I claimed to have annihilated a 60,000-strong Roman army and captured Antioch, the eastern capital. Between 233 and 280, a line of provinces stretching from the Black Sea to the Alps and southern Germany was repeatedly invaded.
What is Ardeshir?
Literally, Ardashir means “the one whose reign is based on honesty and justice”. The first part of *Artaxšaθra- is adapted from the religious concept of justice known as Ṛta or Asha and the second part is related to the concept “city”.
Who was the greatest Sasanian king?
Kosrau I (r. 531-579 CE) is commonly regarded as the greatest of the Sassanian kings. He further reformed the military, government, religious traditions, expanded his territories, developed the arts and sciences, and engaged in large-scale building projects.
Who was the longest reigning Persian king?
Shapur II (Middle Persian: Šābuhr; New Persian: شاپور, Šāpur, 309 – 379), also known as Shapur the Great, was the tenth Sasanian King of Kings (Shahanshah) of Iran. The longest-reigning monarch in Iranian history, he reigned for the entirety of his 70-year life, from 309 to 379.
How many Persian empires were there?
In ancient history, there were 3 main dynasties that controlled ancient Persia, a western name for the area that is modern Iran: Achaemenids, Parthians, and Sasanids.
Was Ardashir Kurdish?
He is also known as Ardashir I Babakan, Ardeshir I, Ardashir the Unifier, and Ardashir Papakan. He was the son of the prince of Istakhr, Papak (also given as Babak and Papag, r. c. 205-210 CE) and the Princess Rodak of the Shabankareh tribe (suggested by some scholars as Kurdish) and born in Tirdeh, Persis c. 180 CE.
Where did the Parthians come from?
East of the Caspian Sea there emerged from the steppe of Central Asia a nomadic Scythian tribe called the Parni. Later called the Parthians and taking over the Seleucid Empire and fending off the Romans, they established themselves as a superpower in their own right.
What does Shapour mean?
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Shāpūr (Persian: شاپور, meaning son of the king) or Sapor is a Persian male given name. It is first attested in Middle Persian as Shāhpuhr ( ). The Armenian form is Շապուհ Šapuh or Սեպուհ Sepuh.
How do you say Ardeshir?
Submitted from: | Tehran, Tehran, Iran |
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Pronunciation: | Ar-the-shi-r A like ‘A’lphabet. |
Your browser does not support the audio element. | |
Type of Name: | First Name |
Gender: | Male |
How long did the Parthian empire last?
Parthian Empire | |
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247 BC–224 AD | |
The Parthian Empire in 94 BC at its greatest extent, during the reign of Mithridates II ( r . 124–91 BC) | |
Capital | Ctesiphon, Ecbatana, Hecatompylos, Susa, Mithradatkirt, Asaak, Rhages |
Common languages | Greek (official) Parthian (official, court, literature) Aramaic (lingua franca) |
Who was the last king of Sassanid?
Yazdegerd III, (died 651, Merv, Sāsānian Empire), the last king of the Sāsānian dynasty (reigned 632–651), the son of Shahryār and a grandson of Khosrow II. A mere child when he was placed on the throne, Yazdegerd never actually exercised power.
Who was the first Sasanian king?
Sasanian Empire Ērānshahr | |
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Shahanshah | |
• 224–241 | Ardashir I (first) |
• 632–651 | Yazdegerd III (last) |
Historical era | Late Antiquity |
Is Pahlavi a dead language?
Pahlavi language, Pahlavi also spelled Pehlevi, extinct member of the Iranian language group, a subdivision of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
Who was king of Persia after Xerxes?
Xerxes I | |
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Reign | October 486 – August 465 BC |
Predecessor | Darius the Great |
Successor | Artaxerxes I |
Born | c. 518 BC The Royal Persian Family in Persia |
Who reigned after Cyrus the Great?
In 600 BC, Cyrus I was succeeded by his son, Cambyses I, who reigned until 559 BC. Cyrus II “the Great” was a son of Cambyses I, who had named his son after his father, Cyrus I. There are several inscriptions of Cyrus the Great and later kings that refer to Cambyses I as the “great king” and “king of Anshan”.
What is Iran called in the Bible?
In the later parts of the Bible, where this kingdom is frequently mentioned (Books of Esther, Daniel, Ezra and Nehemiah), it is called Paras (Biblical Hebrew: פרס), or sometimes Paras u Madai (פרס ומדי), (“Persia and Media”).
Why is Iran not called Persia?
Iran was always known as ‘Persia’ to foreign governments and was once heavily influenced by Great Britain and Russia. … To signal the changes that had come to Persia under the rule of Reza Shah, namely that Persia had freed itself from the grip of the British and Russians, it would be known as Iran.
Who founded the Persian Empire?
The Persian Empire emerged under the leadership of Cyrus II, who conquered the neighboring Median Empire ruled by his grandfather. From then on Cyrus was called the “shah,” or king, of Persia. Eventually he was known as Cyrus the Great.
Did the Parthians have slaves?
Slavery in Parthian Iran (c.
According to Plutarch, there were many slaves in the army of the Parthian general Surena. The meaning of the term “slaves” (doûloi, servi) mentioned in this context is disputed, as it may be pejorative rather than literal.
What was the name of the most famous Parthian king?
Mithridates II (also spelled Mithradates II or Mihrdad II; Parthian: Mihrdāt) was king of the Parthian Empire from 124 to 91 BC. Considered one of the greatest of his dynasty to ever rule, he was known as Mithridates the Great in antiquity.
What is Parthia called today?
Parthia, ancient land corresponding roughly to the modern region of Khorāsān in Iran.
Did the Parthians have electricity?
Since neither the Parthians nor anyone else in the ancient world developed a working theory of electricity, the discovery of the batteries was likely an accident. Paul Keyser proposed that the connection was first made by someone dipping an iron spoon into a bronze bowl of vinegar.
What language did Parthians speak?
The Parthian language, also known as Arsacid Pahlavi and Pahlawānīg, is an extinct ancient Northwestern Iranian language spoken in Parthia, a region situated in present-day northeastern Iran and Turkmenistan.
Where is Medes today?
In present-day Iran, that is the area between Tehran, Isfahan and Hamadan, respectively. Of the Median tribes, the Magi resided in Rhagae, modern Tehran.
Who was the last Zoroastrian king?
Yazdegerd III | |
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House | House of Sasan |
Father | Shahriyar |
Religion | Zoroastrianism |
Who were the rulers of the Sasanian empire?
- Ardashir I ( 1998.6.3. ) 224–241 A.D.
- Shapur I. 241–272 A.D.
- Hormozd I. 270–271 A.D.
- Bahram I. 271–274 A.D.
- Bahram II. 274–293 A.D.
- Bahram III. 293 A.D.
- Narseh I. 293–302 A.D.
- Hormozd II. 303–309 A.D.
How did Iran become Islamic Republic?
The Islamic Republic of Iran began with the Iranian Revolution. The first major demonstrations to overthrow Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi began in January 1978. The new theocratic Constitution — whereby Khomeini became Supreme Leader of the country — was approved in December 1979.