The Erechtheion was built as a replacement for the “Old Temple” (the foundations of which now lay between it and the Parthenon), and to house all the shrines and rituals that once took place there.
Why was the Erechtheion important to Athenians?
Definition. The Erechtheion (or Erechtheum) is an ancient Greek temple constructed on the acropolis of Athens between 421 and 406 BCE in the Golden Age of the city in order to house the ancient wooden cult statue of Athena and generally glorify the great city at the height of its power and influence.
Why was the Parthenon built?
The Parthenon was mainly constructed as a temple for the Goddess Athena who was the chief deity worshipped by the residents of Athens. Construction of the building began during 447 BCE and lasted until 438 BCE. The decoration of the Parthenon lasted for several more years until 432 BCE.
When was the Erechtheion built?
What is unusual about the Erechtheion?
The temple is unusual in that it incorporates two porches (prostaseis); one at the northwest corner which is supported by tall Ionic columns, and one at the south-west corner which is supported by six massive female statues, the famous Caryatids.
What is the purpose of the Erechtheion?
The Erechtheion was named after the demi-god Erechtheus (Cartwright). The primary function for the Erechtheion was to to house the ancient wooden cult statue of Athena, but also served other purposes as discussed below (Cartwright).
Why was the Parthenon built quizlet?
It was built as a tribute to Athena Parthenos as to thank her for the Athenian victory over the Persians in the 490 BC and 480 BC wars.
What is the message of the caryatid porch of the Erechtheion?
Interestingly, the porch of the Erechtheion stands over what was believed to be the tomb of the mythical king Kekrops and perhaps the Caryatids and their libation vessels are a tribute to this fact – libations were poured into the ground as an offering to the dead during religious festivals.
Why is the Parthenon important in art history?
Introduction. The Parthenon, executed between 447 and 432 BCE and dedicated in 438 BCE, initiated the Periclean building program on the Athenian Acropolis. It was meant to be the jewel of Athens.
Why was Parthenon dedicated to Athena?
As with most buildings on the Acropolis it was dedicated to Athena to thank the Goddess for their success. The Parthenon was finally finished in 432 BC and was to show the world the dominance and power of Athens. The vast majority of the money used in the construction came from the Delian League funds.
Who was the Erechtheion built by?
What is the primary function of the Propylaea?
Propylaea is the name given to monumental gates or entranceways to a specific space, usually to a temple or religious complex and as such they acted as a symbolic partition between the secular and religious parts of a city. Less complex examples with a single entrance are known as a propylon.
How was the Erechtheion destroyed?
During the Greek War of Independence the building was bombarded by the Ottomans and severely damaged, the ceiling of the north porch was blown up and a large section of the lateral walls of the cella was dismantled.
What is the meaning of caryatid?
Definition of caryatid
: a draped female figure supporting an entablature.
Was the Erechtheion Ionic?
The Erechtheion is a highly decorated and elegant Ionic temple. The scroll forms at the top of the column (the capital) and its tall slender profile indicate that this is the Ionic order.
Is the Erechtheion part of the Parthenon?
This consisted of three major structures: the Parthenon on the southern edge of the hill, the Erechtheion on the northern side, and the Propylaea, a monumental entrance building, at the western side of the sanctuary. The Parthenon was dedicated to the goddess Athena.
What period is Nike adjusting her sandal from?
Nike Adjusting Her Sandal, marble relief sculpture from the balustrade of the Temple of Athena Nike, Acropolis, Athens, c. 420–410 bce; in the Acropolis Museum, Athens.
Why is there a olive tree at the Erechtheion?
The olive branch is a sign of peace, and when made into a wreath it is a trophy for victorious Olympic athletes. It was an olive branch that Noah’s dove carried in its mouth signifying the salvation of life on earth.
What was the purpose of Greek comedies?
One thing is certain: although one main purpose of Greek comedies was to entertain a mass audience, comic plays were not written just for laughs.
What was the purpose of Greek comedies quizlet?
The purpose of the Greek comedies was to make the audience laugh about important ideas and show how the Athens was a free and open society.
Why did the architects who designed the Parthenon curve some of the lines of the temple quizlet?
The ancient architects had realised that long horizontal lines tend to make the optical impression of sagging towards their centre. To prevent this effect, the horizontal lines of stylobate and/or entablature were raised by a few centimetres towards the middle of a building.
What did the Parthenon influence?
The Parthenon’s design has inspired many modern buildings like banks, museums, libraries and the buildings in Washington D.C. with its modern appeal. As quoted in Life in Ancient Greece, “All the world’s culture culminated in Greece, Greece in Athens, Athens in the Acropolis, the Acropolis in the Parthenon” (Nardo 32).
How the Parthenon was built?
In 447 BC, during the “Golden Age of Pericles”, construction began on the Parthenon, the largest building on the Acropolis. The construction was carried out by the architects Iktinos and Kallikratis, while Pheidias had the task of general administrator. Athens was turned into a construction site.
Why do you think the Parthenon is the most well known and most studied piece of architecture explain your answer in a few sentences << read less?
The building’s style, columns and workmanship still inspires people int he 21st century. The Parthenon sheds light on the cultures and arts of the antiquity, the local customs and traditions of the time and how, with such limited technology, the Greeks achieved so much. You just studied 12 terms!
Which God is the Parthenon dedicated to?
The Parthenon on the Acropolis of Athens was built between 447 and 438 BC as a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena Parthenos.
When was the Greek Parthenon built?
How was Athena honored at the Parthenon?
The people of Athens honored Athena by building a large acropolis in the center of the city. At the top of the acropolis they constructed a beautiful temple to Athena called the Parthenon. Athena is famous in Greek mythology for helping out heroes on their adventures.
Who do the Caryatids of the Erechtheion represent?
According to a story related by the 1st-century-bc Roman architectural writer Vitruvius, caryatids represented the women of Caryae, who were doomed to hard labour because the town sided with the Persians in 480 bc during their second invasion of Greece.
When was the Propylaea built?
Is the Propylaea Doric or Ionic?
The Propylaia is a building of the Doric order with few Ionic columns supporting the roof of the central wing.
Who are the Caryatids of the Erechtheion?
On the high stylobate of the south porch of the Erechtheion are six maidens, who take the place of columns in supporting the entablature. Now severely weathered and affected by pollution, five of the caryatids were removed to the Acropolis Museum in 1978 and replaced with replicas.
Who created the Caryatids?
It is first recorded in the Latin form caryatides by the Roman architect Vitruvius. He stated in his 1st century BC work De architectura (I.
What does the word Propylaea mean?
The word propylaea is the union of the prefix pro plus the plural of the Greek pylon or pylaion, meaning literally that which is before the gates, but the word has come to mean simply gate building.
What was inside the Erechtheion?
In the western section, there may have been the Tomb of Erechtheus, the xoanon of Athena Polias and perhaps immediately before that a table. Additionally, this room housed the Lamp of Kallimachos, a Hermes, the saltwater well and a collection of spoils from the Persian War.
Is the temple of Athena still standing?
In 1834 the temple was reconstructed after the independence of Greece. In 1998 the temple was dismantled so that the crumbling concrete floor could be replaced and its frieze was removed and placed in the new Acropolis Museum that opened in 2009. The Temple of Athena Nike is often closed to visitors as work continues.
What did the Old Temple of Athena look like?
Old temple of Athena Polias (Archaios Naos) | |
---|---|
Type | Temple |
Architectural style | Ancient Greek Archaic |
Location | Athens, Greece |
Why was Nike adjusting her sandal made?
It was dedicated to Athena “Victorious” in 421 BCE to commemorate the victories of General Alcibiades over Sparta (411- 407 BCE). The parapet below was enclosed by a balustrade decorated with marble reliefs depicting the goddess Athena Nike in different, and curious, postures such as in this fragment.
Why was Nike adjusting her sandal?
Subject Description: Nike adjusts her sandal. She bends from the waist in order to reach her upraised foot, while balancing on her left leg. The drapery gives credence to the barely stable pose by providing balance and a sense of depth to the figure. The thin cloth rich with many folds clings to the torso as if wet.
What does Nike adjusting her sandal represent?
Nike Adjusting her Sandal is a characteristic example of this new developments with the depiction of the transparent drapery that not only reveals the body underneath in all its glory, but it also implies the development of artists who, having mastered human anatomy look forward to unexplored ways to use the figure as …
Why did Athena create the olive tree?
According to Greek mythology, the creation of the olive tree was the result of a contest between Athena, Goddess of Wisdom, and Poseidon, God of the Sea, as to who would become the protector of a newly built city in Attica (the historical region of Greece).
Why is the olive tree Athena’s symbol?
The olive tree was the symbol of Athens, the city for which Athena was a protector. According to myth, Athena achieved this status by winning a contest Zeus held between her and Poseidon. Standing on the site of the Acropolis, the two were asked to offer the people of Athens a gift.
Why did Athens choose the olive tree?
Poseidon donated a splendid war horse. Athens bestowed an olive tree on the city, whose fruit was nourishment and whose oil could be used as food, medicine, unguent and fuel. Athena won, and so Athens took her name.
What was Sparta’s focus as a city-state?
Sparta’s focus as a city-state was military. They trained young men to become soldiers. They were like the Hikkos and the Assyrians and Unlike the Phoenicians or the Mionaons.
Why was trading by sea so important in the history of Greece?
The Greeks were able to get rid of more pirates, which made the seas safer. Merchant ships were built to carry more goods. As merchants sailed across the sea, they would stop at various trading posts. While there, they bought and sold their goods before moving on with their journey.
What was a Greek comedy quizlet?
comedy. The last of the Ancient Greek theatrical innovations. a representation of laughable people. involves some kind of blunder or ugliness which does not cause pain or disaster. old comedy.
Why was the Parthenon built *?
The Parthenon was mainly constructed as a temple for the Goddess Athena who was the chief deity worshipped by the residents of Athens. Construction of the building began during 447 BCE and lasted until 438 BCE. The decoration of the Parthenon lasted for several more years until 432 BCE.
What was the purpose of the Parthenon quizlet?
The main purpose of the Parthenon was as a temple for Athena. The temple kept gold statue of Athena to honor her and worship. This was done to also show how great of a leader Athena was to the Greeks. The Parthenon frieze showed the athens in company of the gods.
Why was the Parthenon built quizlet?
It was built as a tribute to Athena Parthenos as to thank her for the Athenian victory over the Persians in the 490 BC and 480 BC wars.
How did Greek comedy develop?
The Origins of Comedy Plays
The first indications of such activity in the Greek world come from pottery where decoration in the 6th century BCE frequently represented actors dressed as horses, satyrs, and dancers in exaggerated costumes.
How did tragedies differ from comedies in ancient Greece?
Tragedy – Greek tragedies were very serious plays with a moral lesson. They usually told the story of a mythical hero who would eventually meet his doom because of his pride. Comedy – Comedies were more light-hearted than tragedies.
Who wrote Greek comedies?
Aristophanes, the most famous writer of Greek comedies, was born in the 440s b.c.e. He lived through the upheaval of the Peloponnesian War, which lasted from 431 to 404, and stripped Athens of her place as cultural and political capital of the Greek city-states.